In the UK, during the 19th century, working-class children were often ernployed in factories and on farms. For many families, it was more important for a child to bring home a salary than to go to school. Children had to work as hard as adults (dangerous working conditions and long hours), but there were no laws to protect them. Employers liked to employ children because they could pay them less than adults and they were easier to discipline. The Church, teachers and many other people were shocked by such cruelty. In England, the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) was founded in 1889. English writer Charles Dickens helped publicise the horrors of child labour with his novel Oliver Twist. From 1802 to 1878, Britain was the first country to pass laws regulating child labour. These laws made working hours shorter, working conditions better and raised the legal working age. After 1867, no factory or workshop could employ children under eight, and employees between eight and thirteen had the right to 10 hours of education per week. But inspectors often found it difficult to discover the exact age of young workers, and factory owners did not always organise schooling. Gradually, children went to school instead of work and were treated as children instead of 'little adults


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