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The trial which started in October 1963 is often referred to as “the trial that changed South Africa”. Ten leading opponents of apartheid were then brought to court on sabotage charges. They faced the death penalty. In what was arguably the most profound moment in the trial, Nelson Mandela made a speech in the dock in which he condemned the court as 'illegitimate'.

The trial ended on 12 June 1964, with the court sentencing eight of the defendants to life imprisonment. All were found guilty and were incarcerated on Robben Island Prison, with the exception of Goldberg, who was sent to Pretoria Central Prison where he served 22 years.

At the time, Pretoria Central was the only high security wing for white political prisoners in South Africa.


Adapted from South African History Online, “Rivonia Trial 1963-1964”.

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